Chhath Puja छठ पूजा
Dedicated to Surya / Chhathi Maiya
About Chhath Puja
Chhath Puja is one of the most rigorous and ecologically significant Vedic festivals, dedicated to Surya (the Sun God) and Chhathi Maiya (Shashthi Devi, the goddess of childbirth and well-being). Spanning four days, the rituals begin with Nahay Khay (ritual bathing and eating), followed by Kharna (a day-long fast broken with a meal of jaggery and rice), the Sandhya Arghya (evening offering to the setting sun), and culminate with the Usha Arghya (offerings to the rising sun on the final morning). Devotees stand waist-deep in rivers or ponds, offering thekua, fruits, and sugarcane to the sun. The festival is remarkable for requiring no priest or idol — the devotee communicates directly with nature. It celebrates solar energy as the source of all life and is a powerful expression of gratitude, discipline, and community.
छठ पूजा सबसे कठोर और पारिस्थितिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण वैदिक त्योहारों में से एक है, जो सूर्य देव और छठी मैया (षष्ठी देवी, प्रसव और कल्याण की देवी) को समर्पित है। चार दिनों तक चलने वाले अनुष्ठान नहाय-खाय (अनुष्ठानिक स्नान और भोजन) से शुरू होते हैं, उसके बाद खरना (दिन भर का उपवास जो गुड़ और चावल के भोजन से तोड़ा जाता है), संध्या अर्घ्य (डूबते सूर्य को अर्पण), और अंतिम दिन ऊषा अर्घ्य (उगते सूर्य को अर्पण) से समापन होता है। भक्त नदियों या तालाबों में कमर तक पानी में खड़े होकर ठेकुआ, फल और गन्ना सूर्य को अर्पित करते हैं। इस त्योहार में किसी पुजारी या मूर्ति की आवश्यकता नहीं — भक्त सीधे प्रकृति से संवाद करता है।
Spiritual Significance
Chhath Puja is believed to be a direct Vedic practice of solar worship mentioned in the Rigveda. It emphasizes gratitude to the sun for sustaining life on earth and is considered one of the most powerful vrats for family well-being, longevity, and prosperity.
छठ पूजा ऋग्वेद में उल्लिखित सूर्य उपासना की प्रत्यक्ष वैदिक परंपरा मानी जाती है। यह पृथ्वी पर जीवन को बनाए रखने के लिए सूर्य के प्रति कृतज्ञता पर बल देती है और परिवार की भलाई, दीर्घायु और समृद्धि के लिए सबसे शक्तिशाली व्रतों में गिनी जाती है।
Key Rituals & Practices
- Day 1 (Nahay Khay): Take a ritual bath in a river and prepare a pure vegetarian meal
- Day 2 (Kharna): Observe a waterless fast, break it in the evening with kheer and chapati
- Day 3 (Sandhya Arghya): Offer arghya to the setting sun while standing in water
- Day 4 (Usha Arghya): Offer arghya to the rising sun, break the 36-hour fast
- Prepare traditional prasad including thekua, fruits, and sugarcane
- Maintain strict cleanliness of the home and cooking area throughout the festival
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is Chhath Puja performed near water bodies?
Water bodies are essential to Chhath Puja because the ritual involves offering arghya (water offerings) to the sun while standing in a river, pond, or specially constructed kund. Water serves as both a purification medium and a reflective surface that connects the devotee with solar energy. Standing in water symbolizes the devotee's humility and surrender to nature. The tradition also emphasizes the ecological connection between sun, water, and life — the three elements that sustain all living beings on earth.
Who can observe Chhath Puja?
While Chhath Puja is traditionally observed primarily by women (called vratin or parvaitin) for the well-being of their family, anyone — male or female — can observe the vrat. The observance requires strict discipline: complete abstinence from food and water for extended periods, standing in water regardless of weather, and maintaining ritual purity. First-time observers typically take a sankalp (vow) and must continue the observance every year thereafter, making it a lifelong commitment. There are no caste or class restrictions.
What is the significance of offering to the setting sun?
Offering arghya to the setting sun on the third day of Chhath is unique among Hindu rituals, which typically focus on the rising sun. This practice acknowledges that the setting sun is equally worthy of reverence — it represents gratitude for the day that has passed and the energy already received. In Vedic philosophy, worshipping the setting sun symbolizes honoring the cycle of life, including endings and transitions. The next morning's offering to the rising sun then completes the cycle, representing hope, renewal, and the continuity of creation.
Festival Details
- Deity
- Surya / Chhathi Maiya
- Category
- Nature & Earth
- Regions
- Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Nepal, Madhya Pradesh
- Calendar Basis
- Hindu Lunar (Panchang)
- Hindu Month
- Kartik — Shukla Paksha, Shashthi
- Importance
- major