Naraka Chaturdashi नरक चतुर्दशी
Dedicated to Krishna
About Naraka Chaturdashi
Naraka Chaturdashi, also known as Chhoti Diwali or Roop Chaturdashi, falls on Kartik Krishna Chaturdashi — the day before Diwali. The festival celebrates Lord Krishna's victory over the demon Narakasura, who had kidnapped 16,000 women and terrorized the three worlds. Krishna, aided by his wife Satyabhama, defeated Narakasura in battle before dawn, liberating the captives. To commemorate this, people take an early morning oil bath (before sunrise), known as 'abhyanga snan,' which is considered equivalent to bathing in the Ganges. Small diyas are lit in the evening, earning the name Chhoti Diwali. In South India, especially Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, Naraka Chaturdashi is celebrated as the main day of Diwali with fireworks at dawn. Roop Chaturdashi rituals involve lighting 14 diyas in the evening for beauty and good fortune.
नरक चतुर्दशी, जिसे छोटी दीवाली या रूप चतुर्दशी भी कहते हैं, कार्तिक कृष्ण चतुर्दशी — दीवाली से एक दिन पहले — को पड़ती है। यह त्योहार भगवान कृष्ण की दानव नरकासुर पर विजय का उत्सव है, जिसने 16,000 महिलाओं का अपहरण कर तीनों लोकों में आतंक मचाया था। कृष्ण ने अपनी पत्नी सत्यभामा की सहायता से प्रातःकाल से पहले नरकासुर को युद्ध में पराजित कर बंदियों को मुक्त किया। इसकी स्मृति में, लोग सूर्योदय से पहले तेल स्नान (अभ्यंग स्नान) करते हैं, जो गंगा स्नान के समतुल्य माना जाता है। शाम को छोटे दीपक जलाए जाते हैं, इसीलिए इसे छोटी दीवाली कहते हैं। दक्षिण भारत में, विशेषकर कर्नाटक और तमिलनाडु में, नरक चतुर्दशी प्रातःकाल आतिशबाज़ी के साथ दीवाली के मुख्य दिन के रूप में मनाई जाती है।
Spiritual Significance
Naraka Chaturdashi symbolizes the destruction of evil and the liberation of the oppressed. Krishna's victory represents the triumph of dharma, and the pre-dawn bath signifies inner purification — washing away accumulated negativity before the grand celebration of Diwali.
नरक चतुर्दशी बुराई के विनाश और उत्पीड़ितों की मुक्ति का प्रतीक है। कृष्ण की विजय धर्म की विजय का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है, और प्रातःकाल का स्नान आंतरिक शुद्धि — दीवाली के भव्य उत्सव से पहले संचित नकारात्मकता को धोना — का प्रतीक है।
Key Rituals & Practices
- Take abhyanga snan (oil bath) before sunrise
- Light 14 diyas in the evening for Roop Chaturdashi
- Perform puja to Lord Krishna and Goddess Kali
- Burst firecrackers at dawn (South Indian tradition)
- Clean and decorate the home for Diwali the next day
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is it called Chhoti Diwali?
Naraka Chaturdashi is called Chhoti Diwali (Small Diwali) because diyas are lit on this day in a smaller scale compared to the grand illumination of Diwali the next day. It serves as a prelude to the main festival. The lighting of diyas on this day celebrates Krishna's victory over Narakasura and marks the beginning of the festive illumination that peaks on Diwali. In many households, the diya-lighting on Chhoti Diwali is the warm-up before the next day's full celebration.
What is the significance of the oil bath on this day?
The pre-dawn oil bath (abhyanga snan) on Naraka Chaturdashi carries deep symbolism. Krishna was smeared with the blood of Narakasura after the battle, so he took an oil bath to cleanse himself. Devotees replicate this by applying oil, ubtan (turmeric-gram flour paste), and taking a warm bath before sunrise. This bath is considered equivalent to a Ganges bath in terms of spiritual purification. It also marks the transition from the Pitru Paksha period of ancestors to the celebratory Diwali season.
Who was Narakasura?
Narakasura (also called Bhauma) was a powerful demon king of Pragjyotishpura (modern-day Assam). He was the son of Bhudevi (Earth goddess) and Lord Varaha (Vishnu's boar avatar). Despite his divine parentage, he became tyrannical — conquering heaven, stealing Aditi's earrings, and kidnapping 16,000 princesses. When he attacked Indra's kingdom, Krishna and Satyabhama went to battle. Satyabhama is credited with the killing blow in some versions. Before dying, Narakasura repented and requested that his death anniversary be celebrated with lights and joy — thus connecting to Diwali.
Festival Details
- Deity
- Krishna
- Category
- Festival of Light
- Regions
- Pan-India
- Calendar Basis
- Hindu Lunar (Panchang)
- Hindu Month
- Kartik — Krishna Paksha, Chaturdashi
- Importance
- normal