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Pitru Paksha पितृ पक्ष

Dedicated to Yama

About Pitru Paksha

Pitru Paksha is a 16-day period in the Krishna Paksha (waning moon) of Bhadrapada month dedicated to honoring deceased ancestors. During this fortnight, Hindus perform Shraddha rituals — offerings of food, water, and prayers to nourish the souls of departed family members across three generations. Each day of Pitru Paksha corresponds to a specific tithi on which ancestors who passed away on that tithi are honored. The rituals involve cooking specific foods (kheer, rice, dal), offering pinda (rice balls), and performing tarpan (water libation) while facing south — the direction of Yama, the god of death. Gaya in Bihar is the most sacred pilgrimage site for Pitru Paksha rites, where the Vishnupad Temple attracts thousands of families. During this period, new purchases, celebrations, and auspicious activities are traditionally avoided.

पितृ पक्ष भाद्रपद माह के कृष्ण पक्ष (अमावस्या की ओर) में दिवंगत पूर्वजों के सम्मान को समर्पित 16 दिनों की अवधि है। इस पखवाड़े में, हिंदू श्राद्ध कर्म करते हैं — तीन पीढ़ियों तक के दिवंगत परिजनों की आत्माओं को भोजन, जल और प्रार्थना अर्पित करते हैं। पितृ पक्ष का प्रत्येक दिन एक विशिष्ट तिथि से मेल खाता है जिस पर उस तिथि को देहत्याग करने वाले पूर्वजों का सम्मान किया जाता है। अनुष्ठानों में विशिष्ट भोजन (खीर, चावल, दाल) पकाना, पिंड (चावल के गोले) अर्पित करना और यम (मृत्यु के देवता) की दिशा दक्षिण की ओर मुख करके तर्पण (जलांजलि) देना शामिल है। बिहार में गया पितृ पक्ष कर्मों का सबसे पवित्र तीर्थ स्थल है, जहाँ विष्णुपद मंदिर हज़ारों परिवारों को आकर्षित करता है। इस अवधि में नई खरीदारी, उत्सव और शुभ कार्य परंपरागत रूप से टाले जाते हैं।

Spiritual Significance

Pitru Paksha reflects the Hindu belief that honoring ancestors is essential for family well-being and spiritual progress. The Shraddha rituals are believed to help departed souls find peace and progress in their afterlife journey, while also earning blessings for the living family members.

पितृ पक्ष इस हिंदू मान्यता को दर्शाता है कि पूर्वजों का सम्मान पारिवारिक कल्याण और आध्यात्मिक प्रगति के लिए आवश्यक है। श्राद्ध कर्म दिवंगत आत्माओं को शांति और उनकी परलोक यात्रा में प्रगति प्राप्त करने में सहायता करते माने जाते हैं, साथ ही जीवित परिजनों के लिए आशीर्वाद अर्जित करते हैं।

Key Rituals & Practices

  1. Perform Shraddha puja on the specific tithi of the ancestor's passing
  2. Offer pinda (rice balls) and water (tarpan) facing south
  3. Cook and offer kheer, rice, and dal to ancestors
  4. Feed Brahmins and the needy as part of the ritual
  5. Visit Gaya or perform rites at a sacred river bank

Frequently Asked Questions

Why should we avoid auspicious activities during Pitru Paksha?

Pitru Paksha is considered a solemn period dedicated entirely to honoring the departed. Starting new ventures, buying property, marriages, or celebrations during this time is traditionally avoided out of respect for ancestors. The belief is that this fortnight belongs to the pitrs (ancestors) and should be devoted to their remembrance and welfare. However, this is a cultural guideline rather than an absolute prohibition — essential activities and daily life continue normally.

Why is Gaya considered sacred for Pitru Paksha?

Gaya in Bihar is considered the most sacred site for performing Shraddha because of the Vishnupad Temple, which houses the footprint of Lord Vishnu on a rock. According to Hindu scriptures, Lord Vishnu granted the boon that Shraddha performed at Gaya would instantly liberate the souls of ancestors. The Falgu River that flows through Gaya is also considered sacred for tarpan. Millions of Hindus visit Gaya during Pitru Paksha to perform rites that are believed to be exponentially more powerful at this location.

What if you don't know the exact tithi of an ancestor's death?

If the exact tithi of an ancestor's passing is unknown, the Shraddha can be performed on Sarva Pitru Amavasya — the final day of Pitru Paksha (the new moon day). This day is dedicated to all ancestors regardless of their death tithi, making it a universal Shraddha day. Additionally, Chaturdashi is designated for those who died an untimely or violent death, and Purnima is for those who passed on a full moon day. These provisions ensure that no ancestor goes unhonored.

Festival Details

Deity
Yama
Category
Ancestor Worship
Regions
Pan-India
Calendar Basis
Hindu Lunar (Panchang)
Hindu Month
Bhadrapada — Krishna Paksha, Pratipada
Importance
major